Ah, the delightful world of orthopedic tests, a veritable smorgasbord of diagnostic brilliance, a cornucopia of methods designed to either provoke or alleviate symptoms in the pursuit of clinical enlightenment. These tests are not unlike an erudite detective, probing the inner workings of the body to determine the source of its ailments. Each test comes with its own specificity and sensitivity rating, a delightful tango of statistical probabilities that, when properly interpreted, elucidates the accuracy and clinical value of each orthopedic investigation. The more specific a test is, the better it is at identifying the true culprits behind the musculoskeletal misery, whereas the more sensitive a test, the more adept it is at spotting those who are, in fact, free from the offending malady.
Now, let us suppose you are a teenager, freshly sprouted into the world, with your mind abuzz with the latest trends and the perennial quest for self-definition. I shall endeavor to distill the essence of specificity and sensitivity into a delectable morsel for your rapidly developing intellect. You see, my young friend, orthopedic tests are rather like car alarms—those cacophonous sentinels of vehicular security. A highly specific car alarm is akin to one that blares its siren only when an actual miscreant attempts to pilfer your prized automobile, while a highly sensitive alarm is astute in not disturbing the peace when an innocent bystander merely grazes the vehicle. Alas, in the realm of orthopedics, there are mischievous imps known as false positives and false negatives. The former are much like an alarm that wails and shrieks when a gust of wind flutters past, while the latter are akin to an alarm that remains silent as a nefarious character makes off with your cherished chariot. And thus, the dance of sensitivity and specificity continues, guiding us toward the truth in the grand ballet of orthopedic diagnostics.
Ortho
REGION | TEST NAME | Presentation Signs and Symptoms | Positive Sign/Symptom | Sensitivity % | Specificity % | Purpose | Tissue Pathology | Video Link | Manual Therapy to Check | Muscle to Activate | Remediation/Clinical Indications for Physical Therapy | Home Care Rehab Exercises Link | Test Name |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ankle/Foot | Anterior Drawer Test | Pain, swelling, or instability in the ankle | Laxity or excessive movement of the talus | 75,00 | 90,00 | Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATFL) Injury | ATFL tear | https://youtu.be/_cYR6RXvvJw | Subacute stage cross fiber friction of ATFL and Tibialis anterior | Fibularis longus/Brevis weakness | Rest, ice, compression, elevation, strengthening exercises | Anterior Drawer Test (ankle) | |
Ankle/Foot | Anterior Drawer Test | Pain, swelling, or instability in the ankle | Laxity or excessive movement of the talus | 75,00 | 90,00 | Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATFL) Injury | ACL | https://youtu.be/_cYR6RXvvJw | Gastrocnemius and TFL contracture manual therapy and massage to relax | Quadriceps and Hamstring group weakness | Rest, ice, compression, elevation, strengthening exercises | Anterior Drawer Test (knee) | |
Ankle/Foot | Talar Tilt Test | Pain, swelling, or instability in the ankle | Laxity or excessive movement of the talus | 95,00 | 95,00 | Calcaneofibular Ligament (CFL) Injury | CFL tear | https://youtu.be/r4Ryc8hMTrQ | Manual therapy for subtalar joint mobilization and lateral ligament massage | Strengthening of ankle stabilizers | Rest, ice, compression, elevation, strengthening exercises | Talar Tilt Test | |
Ankle/Foot | Thompson Test | Pain, swelling, or inability to stand on toes | No plantarflexion of the ankle with calf squeeze | 95,00 | 100,00 | Achilles Tendon Rupture | Achilles tendon rupture | https://youtu.be/rMILMZhJ1rQ | Achilles tendon mobilization, deep tissue massage | Gastrocnemius and Soleus strengthening | Rest, immobilization, stretching exercises, strengthening exercises | Thompson Test | |
Ankle/Foot | LACHMANS | 85,00 | 94,00 | ACL | ACL tear | Manual therapy and massage for quadriceps and hamstrings | Quadriceps and Hamstring group weakness | LACHMANS | |||||
Ankle/Foot | Quadriceps draw | 53,00 | 98,00 | PCL | Quadriceps draw | ||||||||
Ankle/Foot | McMurrays | 33,00 | 96,00 | Meniscus tear | Meniscus tear | Joint mobilization, massage for surrounding muscles | Strengthening of Quadriceps and Hamstrings | McMurrays | |||||
Ankle/Foot | Posterior draw test | Inflammation mild moderate posterior discomfort increased on kneeling potential instability limp | Laxity Tibia post to fem | 90,00 | 99,00 | PCL | PCL tear | Manual therapy for the posterior capsule, hamstring massage | Quadriceps and Hamstring group weakness | Posterior draw test | |||
Ankle/Foot | Sag test | Tibia sags posterior to fem | 915,00 | 100,00 | PLC rotary instability | PCL tear | Manual therapy for the posterior capsule, hamstring massage | Quadriceps and Hamstring group weakness | Sag test | ||||
Ankle/Foot | Patella Apprehension test | Sever pain popping reduced knee extension unable to walk inflammation | Guarding apprehension | 100,00 | 884,00 | Recurrent dislocated patella | Patellar instability | Manual therapy and massage for the quadriceps and patellar tendon | Quadriceps and hip abductor strengthening | Patella Apprehension test | |||
Ankle/Foot | Valgus stress tes | Gapping reproduction of pain | 100,00 | 815,00 | Medial collaterals ligament | MCL tear | MCL mobilization, massage for surrounding muscles | Strengthening of knee stabilizers | Valgus stress test | ||||
Ankle/Foot | Varus Stress test | Gapping reproduction of pain | 64,00 | 815,00 | Lateral collateral ligament | LCL tear | LCL mobilization, massage for surrounding muscles | Strengthening of knee stabilizers | Varus Stress test | ||||
Ankle/Foot | Ottowa | Non weight bear Bony tenderness fib malleolus mit navic | 972,00 | 78,00 | Fracture of ankle / mid foot | Ankle fracture | Ankle joint mobilization, massage for surrounding muscles | Ankle stabilizer strengthening | Ottowa | ||||
Ankle/Foot | Windlass Test | Pain or tenderness on the plantar | Pain with dorsiflexion of the big toe | 92,00 | 100,00 | Plantar Fasciitis | Plantar fasciitis | Plantar fascia massage, calf muscle massage | Arch and foot intrinsic muscle strengthening | Windlass Test | |||
Region | Test Name | Presentation Signs and Symptoms | Positive Sign/Symptom | 0,00 | 0,00 | Purpose | Tissue Pathology | Video Link | Manual Therapy to Check | Muscle to Activate | Remediation/Clinical Indications for Physical Therapy | Home Care Rehab Exercises Link | Test Name |
Elbow/Forearm | Cozen's Test | Pain or weakness on the lateral elbow | Pain or weakness with resisted wrist extension | 87,00 | 90,00 | Lateral Epicondylitis | Lateral epicondylitis (Tennis elbow) | https://youtu.be/LH4mngc6l4k | Common extensor tendon cross-fiber friction massage, extensor carpi radialis brevis trigger point | Eccentric contraction of wrist extensors | Strengthening exercises, manual therapy, postural correction | Cozen's Test | |
Elbow/Forearm | Maudsley | Lateral elbow pain epicondylitis. | 84,00 | 0,00 | EDL | Lateral epicondylitis (Tennis elbow) | Common extensor tendon cross-fiber friction massage, extensor carpi radialis brevis trigger point | Eccentric contraction of wrist extensors | Maudsley | ||||
Elbow/Forearm | Pivot shift apprehension | PAIN ISTABILITY popping clicking locking | 88,00 | 0,00 | PLRI posterior lateral rotary instability | ACL and/or meniscus tear | Joint mobilization, massage for surrounding muscles | Quadriceps and Hamstring group weakness | Pivot shift apprehension | ||||
Elbow/Forearm | Hook test | pain or inability to access posterior tendon | 905,00 | 100,00 | Distal biceps tendon rupture | Distal biceps tendon rupture | Biceps tendon mobilization, deep tissue massage | Strengthening of biceps | https://youtu.be/dPh5wQmKTfk | Hook test | |||
Elbow/Forearm | Golfer's Test | Pain or weakness on the medial elbow | Pain or weakness with resisted wrist flexion | 80,00 | 76,00 | Medial Epicondylitis | Medial epicondylitis (Golfer's elbow) | https://youtu.be/sH8wz_aKLGs | Flexor tendon cross-fiber friction massage, flexor carpi radialis trigger point | Eccentric contraction of wrist flexors | Strengthening exercises, manual therapy, postural correction | Golfer's Test | |
Elbow/Forearm | Mills Test | Pain or weakness on the lateral elbow | Pain with passive pronation and wrist flexion | 90,00 | 95,00 | Lateral Epicondylitis | Lateral epicondylitis (Tennis elbow) | https://youtu.be/UOgU6qohU5w | Strengthening exercises, manual therapy, postural correction | Mills Test | |||
Elbow/Forearm | Tennis Elbow Test | Pain or weakness on the lateral elbow | Pain or weakness with resisted wrist extension | 85,00 | 91,00 | Medial Epicondylitis | https://youtu.be/b0A3YPL3-N4 | Strengthening exercises, manual therapy, postural correction | |||||
Region | Test Name | Presentation Signs and Symptoms | Positive Sign/Symptom | 0,00 | 0,00 | Purpose | Video Link | Remediation/Clinical Indications for Physical Therapy | Home Care Rehab Exercises Link | ||||
Pelvis/Hip | Ely's Test | Pain or tightness in the hip or knee | Knee lifts off table when compared to contra lateral side Hip flexion with associated knee extension | 82,00 | 69,00 | Rectus Femoris Tightness | https://youtu.be/CgI1grz8sgY | Stretching, manual therapy, strengthening exercises | |||||
Pelvis/Hip | FABER Test | Hip or groin pain, lower back pain, or SI joint pain | Pain or discomfort in the hip, SI joint, or low back with flexion, abduction, and external rotation of the hip | 72,00 | 50,00 | Hip Joint or Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction | https://youtu.be/kob0_4tNn4I | Manual therapy, stabilization exercises, stretching exercises | |||||
Pelvis/Hip | Ober's Test | Pain or tightness | Inability to adduct the hip to the table when lowering the leg from the side-lying position Inability to adduct the hip to the table when lowering the leg from the side-lying position | 85,00 | 90,00 | Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS) | https://youtu.be/fQ0fHyCgR20 | Stretching, manual therapy, strengthening exercises | |||||
Pelvis/Hip | Stinchfield Test | Hip or groin pain, limited range of motion | Pain in the hip joint with resisted hip flexion | 0,00 | 0,00 | Hip Joint Pathology | https://youtu.be/hR43vM8XbMM | Rest, manual therapy, stretching exercises | |||||
Pelvis/Hip | Thomas Test | Pain or tightness in the hip or lower back | symptomatic side presents an elevation of the knee when compared to opposite or inability to maintain flat lower back on table increased lordosis | 37,00 | 66,00 | Hip Flexor Tightness | https://youtu.be/iERbZ2lDOZg | Stretching, manual therapy, strengthening exercises | |||||
Pelvis/Hip | Trendelenburg Test | Hip or low back pain, difficulty with balance | Pelvic drop on the unsupported side when standing on one leg | 85,00 | 80,00 | Gluteus Medius Weakness | https://youtu.be/lUNRoSOp8VE | Strengthening exercises, stabilization exercises | |||||
Region | Test Name | Presentation Signs and Symptoms | Positive Sign/Symptom | 0,00 | 0,00 | Purpose | Video Link | Remediation/Clinical Indications for Physical Therapy | Home Care Rehab Exercises Link | ||||
Shoulder | Apley's Distraction Test | Pain or instability in the shoulder Shoulder pain, weakness, or limited range of motion | Decreased pain or apprehension Reduced pain or increased range of motion with axial distraction of the humerus | 77,00 | 83,00 | Glenohumeral Joint Instability | https://youtu.be/DU6en1UQK8w | Strengthening exercises, proprioceptive training | |||||
Shoulder | Drop Arm Test | Shoulder pain, weakness, or limited range of motion | Inability to slowly lower the arm from an abducted position | 36,00 | 50,00 | Rotator Cuff Tear | https://youtu.be/F5iFwvRE8E8 | Rest, manual therapy, strengthening exercises | |||||
Shoulder | Empty Can Test | Pain or weakness in the shoulder | Pain or weakness | 65,00 | 70,00 | Supraspinatus Tendinitis | https://youtu.be/U8XXTrrTIp0 | Strengthening exercises, scapular stabilization, eccentric loading of supraspinatus | |||||
Shoulder | Full Can Test | Pain or weakness in the shoulder | Pain or weakness | 75,00 | 80,00 | Supraspinatus Tendinitis | https://youtu.be/5BjDQ-jcBek | Strengthening exercises, scapular stabilization, eccentric loading of supraspinatus | |||||
Shoulder | Hawkins-Kennedy Impingement Test | Shoulder pain, weakness, or limited range of motion | Pain with internal rotation of the shoulder at 90 degrees of abduction | 75,00 | 74,00 | Subacromial Impingement | https://youtu.be/3T1fB0Gr0tQ | Rest, manual therapy, strengthening exercises | |||||
Shoulder | A C sheer test | Difficulty reaching overhead guarding of the AC | Pain at ACJ/ laxity | 705,00 | 945,00 | Acromioclavicular pathology degen | |||||||
Shoulder | Scratch test | Reported stiffness or tightness in GGJ | pain reduced ROM | 78,00 | 58,00 | Rom | |||||||
Shoulder | Apprehension test | Guarding | 44,00 | 81,00 | Torn labrum or anterior instability | ||||||||
Shoulder | Belly compression test | weekness RROM, ROS | 40,00 | 98,00 | Sub scapularis lesion | post-acute stage Cross-fiber friction scapula and GHJ mobilisation | external rotation of GHJ with resistance band and elbow fixed at hip | ||||||
Shoulder | Biceps load test one | 90,00 | 97,00 | Bicep tendon pathology | https://youtu.be/dPh5wQmKTfk | ||||||||
Shoulder | Biceps load test two | Deep pain in GHJ difficult to locate | Deep pain , locking , crepitis,,instability weakness | 90,00 | 97,00 | Slap lesion | |||||||
Shoulder | Crank test | 90,00 | 85,00 | GHJ and ligaments SLAP labrum tear | |||||||||
Shoulder | Coracoid pain | Gradual onset of stiffness pain and - ROM | Pain is greatest on the coracoid process. Using VAS and increase of 3cm above asymptomatic side | 99,00 | 98,00 | Adhesive capsulitis | |||||||
Shoulder | Infraspinatus test | 41,00 | 94,00 | ||||||||||
Shoulder | Jerk test | clicking or laxity | 73,00 | 98,00 | posterior instability or labral tear | ||||||||
Shoulder | Jobes | 868,00 | 715,00 | Supraspinatus tear/ lesion | |||||||||
Shoulder | Lift off test | Anterior GHJ pain -ROM internal rotation passive external rotation | 525,00 | 884,00 | Subscap | ||||||||
Shoulder | Loading shift test | Anterior translation more than 25% | 90,00 | 85,00 | GHJ Anterior instability | ||||||||
Shoulder | O'brien's test | 67,00 | 33,00 | SLAP Lesion | |||||||||
Shoulder | Post apprehension test | Apprehension/protection by patient | 98,00 | 52,00 | Post GHJ instability/dislocation | ||||||||
Shoulder | Rent sign | depression felt near acromion upon int/ext roration | 893,00 | 947,00 | Rotator cuff pathology and tear | ||||||||
Shoulder | jobes relocation | Pain @ extension- above 90°, crepitis, weakness, stifles | Anterior pain/reduced on anterior to post pressure | 88,00 | 62,00 | Anterior GHJ instability | |||||||
Shoulder | Neer Impingement Test | Shoulder pain, weakness, or limited range of motion | Pain with forced flexion of the shoulder and internal rotation of the humerus | 75,00 | 75,00 | Subacromial Impingement | https://youtu.be/MB_Jh61G3sw | Rest, manual therapy, strengthening exercises | |||||
Shoulder | Speed's Test | Anterior shoulder pain, tenderness, or weakness | Pain in the bicipital groove with resisted shoulder flexion and supination | 79,00 | 64,00 | Bicipital Tendinitis | https://youtu.be/W9aSIFZ15xo | Rest, manual therapy, stretching exercises | |||||
Shoulder | Painful arc | pain in the AC for AC pathology @ 170-190º Pain under AC @ 45º-120º for Subacromial pathology | 82,00 | 805,00 | AC pathology / subacromial bursitis infraspinatus tendon pathology | https://youtu.be/7-aXHIBRsbU | https://youtu.be/Uux66b4MKM0 | ||||||
Shoulder | Yergason's Test | Anterior Pain or weakness in the shoulder or biceps | Pain with resisted forearm supination and elbow flexion Pain or "pop" in the biceps groove | 79,00 | 90,00 | Bicipital Tendinitis | https://youtu.be/g4t4G4jPdD1 | Strengthening exercises, eccentric loading of biceps | |||||
Region | Test Name | Presentation Signs and Symptoms | Positive Sign/Symptom | 0,00 | 0,00 | Purpose | Video Link | Remediation/Clinical Indications for Physical Therapy | Home Care Rehab Exercises Link | ||||
SIJ | FABER Test | Low back pain, hip pain, or radiating pain | Pain in the SI joint region with flexion, abduction, and external rotation of the hip | 79,00 | 87,00 | SI Joint Dysfunction | https://youtu.be/AGzGt5SX4f4 | Manual therapy, stabilization exercises, stretching exercises | |||||
SIJ | FABER Test | Low back pain, hip pain, or radiating pain | Pain in the SI joint region with flexion, abduction, and external rotation of the hip | 79,00 | 87,00 | SI Joint Dysfunction | https://youtu.be/AGzGt5SX4f4 | Manual therapy, stabilization exercises, stretching exercises | |||||
SIJ | Gaenslen's Test | Low back pain, hip pain, or radiating pain Pain or stiffness in the hip or SI joint | Pain in the SI joint region with hyperextension of the hip and flexion of the opposite hip | 70,00 | 75,00 | SI Joint Dysfunction | https://youtu.be/UxOzJa7aIwE | Manual therapy, stabilization exercises, stretching exercises | |||||
SIJ | Long Sitting Test | Pain in the lower back, hip, or leg | Pain in the joint | 89,00 | 48,00 | Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction | https://youtu.be/3zQYJ3BqWxQ | Stretching, manual therapy, stabilization exercises | |||||
SIJ | Gapping | Reproduction of symptoms | 25,00 | 882,00 | Interior SIJ sprain/ dysfunction | ||||||||
SIJ | Squish | Reproduction of pain/symptoms | 69,00 | 69,00 | SIJ dysfunction | ||||||||
SIJ | Figure 4 | Tested leg above other leg | 91,00 | 100,00 | SIJ pathology/ labrum/ detritis illiopsoas/ faj dysfunction | ||||||||
SIJ | Thigh Thrust Test | Pain in the lower back, hip, or leg | Pain in the joint | 60,00 | 87,00 | Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction | https://youtu.be/czzzI-R7V0A | Stretching, manual therapy, stabilization exercises | |||||
Region | Test Name | Presentation Signs and Symptoms | Positive Sign/Symptom | 0,00 | 0,00 | Purpose | Video Link | Remediation/Clinical Indications for Physical Therapy | Home Care Rehab Exercises Link | ||||
Spine | Adson's Test | Decreased strength or paresthesia Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arm | Diminished radial pulse | 85,00 | 83,00 | Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | https://youtu.be/IO6QlPjKdcU | Stretching, posture correction, strengthening exercises | |||||
Spine | Distraction Test | Pain or numbness radiating down the arm or leg | Decreased pain or radicular symptoms | 87,00 | 89,00 | Spinal Nerve Root Compression | https://youtu.be/GkjArlCjjg4 | Manual therapy, stretching, strengthening exercises | |||||
Spine | Hallpike's Test | Dizziness, vertigo | Nystagmus | 98,00 | 70,00 | Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) | https://youtu.be/PgMu7K9Xv4g | Canalith repositioning maneuvers | |||||
Spine | Quadrant Test | Localized back pain, radiating pain, or stiffness | Localized pain or muscle spasm with axial rotation and extension toward the symptomatic side | 75,00 | 90,00 | Facet Joint Dysfunction | https://youtu.be/sqWxMNHnz9U | Manual therapy, McKenzie exercises, stretching exercises | |||||
Spine | Quadrant Test | Pain or numbness radiating down the leg | On flexion away from the symptomatic side reproduction of radiated pain in the lumbar spine | 98,00 | 31,00 | Lumbar Disc Herniation | https://youtu.be/Z3GwwT0xFQw | Manual therapy, stretching, strengthening exercises | |||||
Spine | BACODYS | Relief from symptom | 365,00 | 90,00 | Cervical radiculopapathy to arm | ||||||||
Spine | Slump Test | Low back pain, sciatica, or leg weakness | Pain or paresthesia down the leg when slumping the shoulders, flexing the neck, and extending the knee | 85,00 | 90,00 | Lumbar Disc Herniation | https://youtu.be/tkMvudTrxpc | Rest, McKenzie exercises, stretching exercises, manual therapy | |||||
Spine | Spurling's Test | Pain, weakness, paresthesia in the neck or upper extremity | Radicular pain | 77,00 | 74,00 | Nerve root compression | https://youtu.be/gqng3qKrvfA | Stretching, manual therapy, traction, stabilization exercises | |||||
Spine | Straight Leg Raise Test | Low back pain, sciatica, or leg weakness | Pain or paresthesia down the leg when lifting the leg straight up | 90,00 | 80,00 | Lumbar Disc Herniation | https://youtu.be/6SorK6IMkEM | Rest, McKenzie exercises, stretching exercises, manual therapy | |||||
Spine | UTTL1 | 97,00 | 22,00 | ||||||||||
Spine | ULTT 1 | Numbness, pain, tingling in the hand and wrist | Tingling in the hand | 79,00 | 77,00 | Median nerve | https://youtu.be/OjZUx1Rm4lw | Median nerve gliding exercises, stretching, nerve mobilization techniques | https://youtu.be/BJYgE1j0Kas | ||||
Spine | ULTT 2A | Numbness, pain, tingling in the hand and wrist | Tingling in the hand | 70,00 | 88,00 | Median nerve | https://youtu.be/GmsbKdNFPTQ | Median nerve gliding exercises, stretching, nerve mobilization techniques | https://youtu.be/BJYgE1j0Kas | ||||
Spine | ULTT 2B | Numbness, pain, tingling in the hand and wrist | Tingling in the hand | 80,00 | 95,00 | Posterior cord of the brachial plexus, radial nerve | https://youtu.be/yzgV7uQ_jYo | Brachial plexus mobilization, radial nerve gliding exercises | https://youtu.be/g8mpwNT-Fk0 | ||||
Spine | ULTT 3 | Numbness, pain, tingling in the hand and wrist | Tingling in the hand | 60,00 | 88,00 | Radial nerve | https://youtu.be/Q37YXNWeaRo | Radial nerve gliding exercises, stretching, nerve mobilization techniques | https://youtu.be/sflkXh18s0s | ||||
Spine | ULTT 4 | Numbness, pain, tingling in the hand and wrist | Tingling in the hand | 40,00 | 93,00 | Median and ulnar nerve | https://youtu.be/iLJyf-r1bBs | Median and ulnar nerve gliding exercises, stretching, nerve mobilization techniques | https://youtu.be/BJYgE1j0Kas | ||||
Hallpikes VAO | Weakness, loss of coordination, headache, neck pain, dizziness | Diploplia Dizziness nausea and nystagmus slurring / speech | 79,00 | 75,00 | VAI / VAO OR VERTIGO | ||||||||
Spine | Straight Leg Raise Test | Pain or numbness radiating down the leg Low back pain, sciatica, or leg weakness | Reproduction of pain in the lumbar spine or leg | 90,00 | 28,00 | Lumbar Disc Herniation | https://youtu.be/COmT1d8VjAE | Manual therapy, stretching, strengthening exercises | |||||
Region | Test Name | Presentation Signs and Symptoms | Positive Sign/Symptom | 0,00 | 0,00 | Purpose | Video Link | Remediation/Clinical Indications for Physical Therapy | Home Care Rehab Exercises Link | ||||
TMJ | Active Mouth Opening Test | Pain or clicking in the jaw | Limited mouth opening | 93,00 | 85,00 | Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMJ) | https://youtu.be/_3EslQ2ggY0 | Stretching, manual therapy, stabilization exercises, hot/cold therapy | |||||
TMJ | Cranial Cervical Flexion Test | Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMJ) | |||||||||||
TMJ | Opening/Closing Test | Jaw pain, headaches, or ear pain | Reduced range of motion, pain, or clicking when opening and closing the mouth | 0,00 | 0,00 | TMJ Dysfunction | https://youtu.be/r_JZ4lsP61k | Manual therapy, postural correction, stretching exercises | |||||
TMJ | Palpation Test | Jaw pain, headaches, or ear pain | Tenderness, pain, or clicking when palpating the joint | 0,00 | 0,00 | TMJ Dysfunction | https://youtu.be/GfVJGbo10vI | Manual therapy, postural correction, stretching exercises | |||||
Region | Test Name | Presentation Signs and Symptoms | Positive Sign/Symptom | 0,00 | 0,00 | Purpose | Video Link | Remediation/Clinical Indications for Physical Therapy | Home Care Rehab Exercises Link | ||||
Wrist/Hand | Finkelstein Test | Pain or tenderness on the lateral wrist | Pain with ulnar deviation and wrist flexion | 90,00 | 95,00 | De Quervain's Tenosynovitis | https://youtu.be/G-W1z7FQ4aI | Rest, splinting, manual therapy, postural correction | |||||
Wrist/Hand | Tinel's Sign | Numbness or tingling in the hand or wrist | Tingling or numbness in the median nerve distribution | 80,00 | 90,00 | Carpal Tunnel Syndrome | https://youtu.be/iWUUirNpuOc | Rest, splinting, stretching exercises, postural correction |